Duke Ellington was a pioneering African American composer, pianist, and bandleader who played a significant role in shaping the landscape of American music in the 20th century. Born on April 29, 1899, in Washington, D.C., Ellington started playing piano at a young age and by his late teens had formed his own band.

Ellington's orchestra, known as the Duke Ellington Orchestra, became one of the most famous and influential jazz bands in history. With his innovative approach to composition and orchestration, Ellington created a unique sound that blended elements of jazz, blues, and classical music. His compositions, such as "Mood Indigo," "Take the 'A' Train," and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)," are now considered jazz standards.

In addition to his musical contributions, Ellington was a trailblazer for African American artists in the entertainment industry. He broke down racial barriers and helped pave the way for other black musicians to achieve mainstream success. Ellington's impact on American music and culture is enduring, and he is widely recognized as one of the greatest musicians of the 20th century.